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This guide demonstrates how to build attribute-based access control (ABAC) subscription policies using the policy builder in the Immuta UI. To build more complex policies than the builder allows, follow the Advanced rules DSL policy guide.
Determine your policy scope:
Global policy: Click the Policies page icon in the left sidebar and select the Subscription Policies tab. Click Add Subscription Policy and complete the Enter Name field.
Local policy: Navigate to a specific data source and click the Policies tab. Click Add Subscription Policy and select New Local Subscription Policy.
Select Allow Users with Specific Groups/Attributes.
Choose the condition that will drive the policy: when user is a member of a group or possesses attribute.
Use the subsequent dropdown to choose the group or attribute for your condition. You can add more than one condition by selecting + ADD. The dropdown menu in the subscription policy builder contains conjunctions for your policy. If you select or, only one of your conditions must apply to a user for them to see the data. If you select and, all of the conditions must apply.
If you would like to make your data source visible in the list of all data sources in the UI to all users, click the Allow Discovery checkbox. Otherwise, this data source will not be discoverable by users who do not meet the criteria established in the policy.
Check the Require users to take action to subscribe checkbox to turn off automatic subscription. Enabling this feature will require users to manually subscribe to the data source if they meet the policy.
If you would like users to have the ability to request approval to the data source, even if they do not have the required attributes or traits, check the Request Approval to Access checkbox. This will require an approver with permissions to be set.
For global policies: Select how you want Immuta to merge multiple global subscription policies that apply to a single data source.
Always Required: Users must meet all the conditions outlined in each policy to get access (i.e., the conditions of the policies are combined with AND
).
Share Responsibility: Users need to meet the condition of at least one policy that applies (i.e., the conditions of the policies are combined with OR
).
Note: To make this option selected by default, see the app settings page.
For global policies: Click the dropdown menu beneath Where should this policy be applied and select When selected by data owners, On all data sources, or On data sources. If you selected On data sources, finish the condition in one of the following ways:
tagged: Select this option and then search for tags in the subsequent dropdown menu.
with columns tagged: Select this option and then search for tags in the subsequent dropdown menu.
with column names spelled like: Select this option, and then enter a regex and choose a modifier in the subsequent fields.
in server: Select this option and then choose a server from the subsequent dropdown menu to apply the policy to data sources that share this connection string.
created between: Select this option and then choose a start date and an end date in the subsequent dropdown menus.
Click Create Policy. If creating a global policy, you then need to click Activate Policy or Stage Policy.
When you have multiple global ABAC subscription policies to enforce, create separate global ABAC subscription policies, and then Immuta will use boolean logic to merge all the relevant policies on the tables they map to.
Subscription policies manage table-level access to data. The how-to and reference guides in this section detail how to implement subscription policies to meet your compliance requirements and describe the types of subscription policies available.
Subscription policy: Author a subscription policy to manage access to data sources.
ABAC subscription policy: Author a subscription policy that uses attribute-based access controls to automate data access decisions.
Advanced DSL builder: Author a subscription policy using the advanced special functions.
Restricted subscription policy: As a data owner, author a single subscription policy that can apply to multiple data sources you own.
Clone, activate, or stage a global policy: Clone, activate, or stage a global policy.
Subscription policies: This reference guide describes the design and behavior of Immuta subscriptions policies.
Subscription policy access types: This reference guide describes read and write access policies.
Subscription policies manage access to tables; they can be defined one of four ways:
Anyone: Users will automatically be granted access (least restricted).
Anyone who asks (and is approved): Users will need to request access and be granted permission by the configured approvers (moderately restricted).
Users with specific groups or attributes: Only users with the specified groups/attributes will be able to see the data source and subscribe (moderately restricted). This restriction type is referred to as an attribute-based access control (ABAC) global subscription policy throughout this page.
Individual users you select: The data source will not appear in search results; data owners must manually add/remove users (most restricted).
See Author a global subscription policy for a tutorial.
Immuta offers two types of subscription policies to manage read and write access in a single system:
Read access policies manage who can SELECT from tables.
Write access policies manage who can modify data in existing tables.
See the Subscription policy access types guide for details.
When building an ABAC global subscription policy, the users that match the condition of the policy will automatically be subscribed to the data source by default without taking any action once the policy is activated.
Should user attributes or groups change, that will immediately impact their subscription status if the change results in them either gaining or losing subscription access to table in question. That is the power in these types of policies. You are future proofing the need to alter policies and instead simply need to represent the correct metadata on your users and the policies will react.
Also, by default, user access is reflected appropriately in the Immuta user interface. If a user does not have access to a particular table, that data source will not be visible to them.
The above default behavior can be altered using the below settings in the subscription policy builder:
Allow Data Source Discovery Configures visibility so that data sources that the user cannot subscribe to are still discoverable in the Immuta.
Require Manual Subscription In this case, rather than automatically subscribing users to the table, they must click the subscribe button in Immuta to subscribe to the table. This can be valuable if data consumers don't want to have thousands of tables they could access listed in their data platform, only the ones they care about.
Request Approval to Access Selecting this option allows users to request access to a data source and be manually approved by a specified user, even if the requesting user does not meet the group or attribute conditions in the policy. This setting requires Allow Data Source Discovery to be selected as well; otherwise, they could never discover the data source to request the override. See Global subscription policy merging for a tutorial.
For instructions on creating ABAC subscription policies, see the ABAC subscription policy guide.
In some cases, multiple ABAC global policies may apply to a single data source and can allow delegation of policy to many different policy builders. Rather than allowing the two policies to conflict, Immuta combines the conditions of the subscription policies.
Combining of global subscription policies only occurs with ABAC subscription policies. See the next section for how to deal with non-ABAC subscription policy conflicts.
In the ABAC subscription policy builder, the below option determines how to merge subscription policies:
Always Required: Users must meet all the conditions outlined in each policy to get access (i.e., the conditions of the policies are combined with AND
).
Share Responsibility: Users need to meet the condition of at least one policy that applies (i.e., the conditions of the policies are combined with OR
).
Consider the following global subscription policies potentially created by completely different users:
Policy 1: (Always Required)
Allow users to subscribe to the data source when user is a member of group HR; otherwise, allow users to subscribe when approved by an Owner of the data source.
Policy 2: (Shared Responsibility)
Allow users to subscribe to the data source when user is a member of group Analytics; otherwise, allow users to subscribe when approved by anyone with permission Governance.
Policy 3: (Shared Responsibility)
Allow users to subscribe to the data source when user has attribute Office Location Ohio; otherwise, allow users to subscribe when approved by anyone with permission Audit.
If a data source exists where all of these policies apply, the subscription policies are combined, which will result in a policy like this:
Combined policy:
Allow users to subscribe to the data source when user (@isInGroups('HR')) AND ((@isInGroups('Analytics')) OR (@hasAttribute('Office Location', 'Ohio')))
Otherwise
Allow users to subscribe when approved by ( anyone with permission Owner (of this data source) )
AND
( ( anyone with permission GOVERNANCE ) OR ( anyone with permission AUDIT ) )
Note that all the policies which have Always Required
must have a manual override (approve by
) selected for there to be any approved by
in the final merged policy.
Once enabled on a data source, combined global subscription policies can be edited and disabled by data owners.
If straying outside ABAC subscription policies, it is possible multiple global subscription policies created may apply to a single data source and not merge.
More specifically, if two or more global subscription policies of the restriction levels listed below apply to the same table (even if an ABAC subscription policy is also present) source they will conflict:
Anyone
Anyone who asks (and is approved)
Individual users you select
When such conflicts occur, data owners can manually choose which policy will apply. To do this the data owner must
Disable the applied global subscription policy in the policies tab on a data source.
Provide a reason the global policy should be disabled.
Select which conflicting global subscription policy they want to apply.
Users can create more complex policies using functions and variables in the advanced DSL policy builder than the subscription policy builder allows.
After an application admin has enabled enhanced subscription policy variables, data governors and owners can create global subscription policies using all the functions and variables outlined below.
See the Advanced DSL tutorial for details on how to build a policy that includes advanced DSL.
By default, Immuta does not apply a subscription policy on registered data (unless an existing global policy applies to it).
You can disable this behavior, but there are very few scenarios in which it is recommended to disable. It is best to instead have subscription policies active on standby that will be applied as you add tags to your data sources that drive those subscription policies. This is because global policies that match registered data sources will apply to data sources, no matter which subscription policy is enabled by default.
There are two settings available as the default subscription policy: none or allow individually selected users.
None: The default. If this option is selected as the default subscription policy, a data source will have no subscription policy applied to it if
it is a new data source and no global policy matches it.
a data owner or governor removes an existing global subscription policy from the data source.
Once a global subscription policy matches or a data owner applies a local subscription policy to a data source, that policy will restrict users’ access to the table.
Allow individually selected users: If this option is selected, data owners have to manually add users as subscribers to the data source in Immuta for those users to query the underlying table.
Changing the default subscription policy setting only affects new data sources; existing data sources (and those in the process of being registered when the setting is changed) are unaffected. For example, if an Immuta data source’s subscription policy restricts access to members of the Marketing group before the feature is enabled, that existing subscription policy will still apply to that table in the underlying data platform; only users who are members of the Marketing group will be able to access that data.
For instructions on changing the default subscription policy setting, see the manage default subscription policy page.
Even if there is no subscription policy on a table, data owners and governors can manage data policies on data sources without affecting users’ access to the registered data sources. This can be powerful to manage table access outside of Immuta but want to manage data policies in Immuta.
If no subscription policy is applied to a data source, users can only subscribe as data source owners; they cannot be added as regular subscribers. To add regular subscribers, a data owner or governor must apply a subscription policy to the data source.
Data owners who are not governors can write restricted and , which allow them to enforce policies on multiple data sources simultaneously, eliminating the need to write redundant .
Unlike global policies, the application of these policies is restricted to the data sources owned by the users or groups specified in the policy and will change as users' ownerships change.
Private preview
are only available to select accounts. Contact your Immuta representative to enable this feature.
At least one of the following permissions is required to manage write policies:
CREATE_DATA_SOURCE Immuta permission (to create local write policies)
GOVERNANCE Immuta permission (to create local or global write policies)
MANAGE_POLICIES domain permission (to create global write policies)
or integration
(for Snowflake integrations)
Click the Policies in the left sidebar and select Subscription Policies.
Click Add Policy, complete the Enter Name field.
Select the access type:
Read Access: Control who can view the data source.
Write Access: Control who can view and modify data in the data source.
Select the level of access restriction you would like to apply to your data sources:
Allow Anyone: Check the Require users to take action to subscribe checkbox to turn off automatic subscription. Enabling this feature will require users to manually subscribe to the data source if they meet the policy.
Allow Anyone Who Asks (and Is Approved):
Click anyone or an individual selected by user from the first dropdown menu in the subscription policy builder.
Note: If you choose an individual selected by user, when users request access to a data source they will be prompted to identify an approver with the permission specified in the policy and how they plan to use the data.
Select the Owner (of the data source), User_Admin, Governance, or Audit permission from the subsequent dropdown menu.
Note: You can add more than one approving party by selecting + Add.
Allow Users with Specific Groups/Attributes:
Choose the condition that will drive the policy: when user is a member of a group or possesses attribute. Note: To build more complex policies than the builder allows, follow the policy guide.
Use the subsequent dropdown to choose the group or attribute for your condition. You can add more than one condition by selecting + ADD. The dropdown menu in the subscription policy builder contains conjunctions for your policy. If you select or, only one of your conditions must apply to a user for them to see the data. If you select and, all of the conditions must apply.
If you would like to make your data source visible in the list of all data sources in the UI to all users, click the Allow Discovery checkbox. Otherwise, this data source will not be discoverable by users who do not meet the criteria established in the policy.
Check the Require users to take action to subscribe checkbox to turn off automatic subscription. Enabling this feature will require users to manually subscribe to the data source if they meet the policy.
Allow Individually Selected Users
From the Where should this policy be applied dropdown menu, select When selected by data owners, On all data sources, or On data sources. If you selected On data sources, finish the condition in one of the following ways:
tagged: Select this option and then search for tags in the subsequent dropdown menu.
with columns tagged: Select this option and then search for tags in the subsequent dropdown menu.
with column names spelled like: Select this option, and then enter a regex and choose a modifier in the subsequent fields.
in server: Select this option and then choose a server from the subsequent dropdown menu to apply the policy to data sources that share this connection string.
created between: Select this option and then choose a start date and an end date in the subsequent dropdown menus.
Beneath Whose Data Sources should this policy be restricted to, add users or groups to the policy restriction by typing in the text fields and selecting from the dropdown menus that appear.
Opt to complete the Enter Rationale for Policy (Optional) field.
Click Create Policy, and then click Activate Policy or Stage Policy.
Private preview
Write policies are only available to select accounts. Contact your Immuta representative to enable this feature.
Immuta offers two types of to manage read and write access in a single system:
Read access policies manage who can read data.
Write access policies manage who can modify data.
Both of these access types can be enforced at any of the restriction levels outlined in the .
The table below illustrates the access types supported by each integration.
Integration | Read access policies | Write access policies |
---|
To create a read or write access policy, see the .
Once a read or write access policy is enforced on an Immuta data source, it translates to the relevant privileges on the table, view, or object in the remote platform. The sections below detail how these access types are enforced for each integration.
The Snowflake integration supports read and write access subscription policies. However, when applying read and write access policies to Snowflake data sources, the privileges granted by Immuta vary depending on the object type. For example, users can register Snowflake views as Immuta data sources and apply read and write policies to them, but when a write policy is applied to a view only the SELECT privilege will take effect in Snowflake, as views are read-only objects.
Users can register any object stored in Snowflake’s information_schema.tables
view as an Immuta data source. The table below outlines the Snowflake privileges Immuta issues when read and write policies are applied to various object types in Snowflake. Beyond the privileges listed, Immuta always grants the USAGE privilege on the parent schema and database for any object that access is granted to for a particular user.
The Databricks Unity Catalog integration supports read and write access subscription policies. When users create a subscription policy in Immuta, Immuta uses the Unity Catalog API to issue GRANTS or REVOKES against the catalog, schema, or table in Databricks for every user affected by that subscription policy.
Users can register any object stored in Databricks Unity Catalog’s information_schema.tables
view as an Immuta data source. However, when applying read and write access policies to these data sources, the privileges granted by Immuta vary depending on the object type. For example, users can register federated tables as Immuta data sources and apply read and write policies to them, but only a read policy will take effect in Databricks and allow users to SELECT those tables. If a write policy is applied, Immuta will not issue SELECT or MODIFY privileges in Databricks.
The table below outlines the Databricks privileges Immuta issues when read and write policies are applied to various object types in Databricks Unity Catalog. Beyond the privileges listed, Immuta always grants the USAGE privilege on the parent schema and catalog for any object that access is granted to for a particular user.
The Databricks Spark integration supports read access subscription policies. When a read access policy is applied to a data source, Immuta modifies the logical plan that Spark builds when a user queries data to enforce policies that apply that user. If the user is subscribed to the data source, the user is granted SELECT
on the object in Databricks. If the user does not have read access to the object, they are denied access.
The Starburst (Trino) integration supports read and write access subscription policies. In the Starburst (Trino) integration's default configuration, the following access values grant read and write access to Starburst (Trino) data when a user is granted access through a subscription policy:
READ
: When a user is granted read access to a data source, they can SELECT
on tables or views and SHOW
on tables, views, or columns in Starburst (Trino). This setting in enabled by default when you configure the Starburst (Trino) integration.
WRITE
: In its default setting, the Starburst (Trino) integration's write access value controls the authorization of SQL operations that perform data modification (such as INSERT
, UPDATE
, DELETE
, MERGE
, and TRUNCATE
). When users are granted write access to a data source through a subscription policy, they can INSERT
, UPDATE
, DELETE
, MERGE
, and TRUNCATE
on tables and REFRESH
on materialized views. This setting is enabled by default when you configure the Starburst (Trino) integration.
Because Starburst (Trino) can govern certain table modification operations (like ALTER
) separately from data modification operations (like INSERT
), Immuta allows users to specify what modification operations are permitted on data in Starburst (Trino). Administrators can allow table modification operations (such as ALTER
and DROP
tables) to be authorized as write operations through advanced configuration in the Immuta web service or Starburst (Trino) cluster with the following access values:
OWN
: When mapped via advanced configuration to Immuta write policies, users who are granted write access to Starburst (Trino) data can ALTER
and DROP
tables and SET
comments and properties on a data source.
CREATE
: When this privilege is granted on Starburst (Trino) data, an Immuta user can create catalogs, schemas, tables, or views on a Starburst (Trino) cluster. CREATE
is a Starburst (Trino) privilege that is not controlled by Immuta policies, and this property can only be set in the access-control.properties
file on the Starburst (Trino) cluster.
Administrators can customize table and data modification settings in one or both of the following places; however, the access-control.properties
overrides the settings configured in the Immuta web service:
Immuta web service access grants mapping
Customizing read and write access in the Immuta web service affects operations on all Starburst (Trino) data registered as Immuta data sources in that Immuta tenant. This configuration method should be used when all Starburst (Trino) data source operations should be affected identically across Starburst (Trino) clusters connected to the Immuta web service. Example configurations are provided below. Contact your Immuta representative to customize the mapping of read or write access policies for your Immuta tenant.
Default configuration
The default setting shown below maps WRITE
to READ
and WRITE
permissions and maps READ
to READ
. Both the READ
and WRITE
permission should always include READ
.
In this example, if a user is granted write access to a data source through a subscription policy, that user can perform data modification operations (INSERT
, UPDATE
, MERGE
, etc.) on the data.
Custom configuration
The following configuration example maps WRITE
to READ
, WRITE
, and OWN
permissions and maps READ
to READ
. Both READ
and WRITE
permissions should always include READ
.
In this example, if a user gets write access to a data source through a subscription policy, that user can perform both data (INSERT
, UPDATE
, MERGE
, etc.) and table (ALTER
, DROP
, etc.) modification operations on the data.
Starburst (Trino) cluster access grants mapping
The Starburst (Trino) integration can also be configured to allow read and write policies to apply to any data source (registered or unregistered in Immuta) on a specific Starburst (Trino) cluster.
Two properties customize the behavior of read or write access for all Immuta users on that Starburst (Trino) cluster:
immuta.allowed.immuta.datasource.operations
: This property governs objects (catalogs, schemas, tables, etc.) that are registered as data sources in Immuta. For these permissions to apply, the user must be subscribed in Immuta and not be an administrator (who gets all permissions).
immuta.allowed.non.immuta.datasource.operations
: This property governs objects (catalogs, schemas, tables, etc.) that are not registered as data sources in Immuta. This is the only property that allows the CREATE
permission, since CREATE
is enforced on new objects that do not exist in Starburst (Trino) or Immuta yet (such as a new table being created with CREATE TABLE
).
Default configuration
By default, Immuta allows READ
and WRITE
operations to be authorized on data registered in Immuta, while all operations are permitted for data sources that are not registered in Immuta.
Custom configuration
In the example below, the configuration allows READ
, WRITE
, and OWN
operations to be authorized on data sources registered in Immuta and all operations are permitted on data that is not registered in Immuta. If a user gets write access to data registered in Immuta through a subscription policy, that user can perform both data (INSERT
, UPDATE
, MERGE
, etc.) and table (ALTER
, DROP
, etc.) modification operations on the data.
The Redshift integration supports read access subscription policies. Immuta grants the SELECT
Redshift privilege to the PUBLIC
role when the integration is configured, which allows all users who meet the conditions of a subscription policy to access the Immuta-managed view. When a data source is created, Immuta creates a corresponding dynamic view of the table with a join to a secure view that contains all Immuta users, their entitlements, their projects, and a list of the tables they have access to. When a read policy is created or updated (or when a user's entitlements change, they switch projects, or when their data source access is approved or revoked), Immuta updates the secure view to grant or revoke users' access to the data source. If a user is granted access to the data source, they can access the view. If a user does not have read access to the view, zero rows are returned when they attempt to query the view.
The Azure Synapse Analytics integration supports read access subscription policies. Immuta grants the SELECT
privilege to the PUBLIC
role when the integration is configured, which allows all users who meet the conditions of a subscription policy to access the Immuta-managed view. When a read policy is created or removed (or when a user's entitlements change, they switch projects, or when their data source access is approved or revoked), Immuta updates the view that contains the users' entitlements, projects, and a list of tables they have access to grant or revoke their access to the dynamic view. Users' read access is enforced through an access check function in each individual view. If a user is granted access to the data source, they can access the view. If a user does not have read access to the view, they receive an Access denied: you are not subscribed to the data source
error when they attempt to query the view.
The Google BigQuery integration supports read access subscription policies. In this integration, Immuta creates views that contain all policy logic. Each view has a 1-to-1 relationship with the original table, and read access controls are applied in the view. After data sources are registered, Immuta uses the custom user and role, created before the integration is enabled, to push the Immuta data sources as views into a mirrored dataset of the original table. Immuta manages grants on the created view to ensure only users subscribed to the Immuta data source will see the data.
Immuta's Amazon S3 integration allows users to apply read access policies to data in S3 to restrict what prefixes, buckets, or objects users can access. To enforce access controls on this data, Immuta creates S3 grants that are administered by S3 Access Grants, an AWS feature that defines access permissions to data in S3. To query a data source they are subscribed to, users request temporary credentials from their Access Grants instance. These just-in-time access credentials provide access to a prefix, bucket, or object with a permission level of READ
in S3. When a user or application requests temporary credentials to access S3 data, the S3 Access Grants instance evaluates the request against the grants Immuta has created for that user. If a matching grant exists, S3 Access Grants assumes the IAM role associated with the location of the matching grant and scopes the permissions of the IAM session to the S3 prefix, bucket, or object specified by the grant and vends these temporary credentials to the requester. If the grant does not exist for the user, they receive an Access denied
error.
With the exception of the Starburst (Trino) integration v2.0, users can only modify existing data when they are granted write access to data; they cannot create new tables or delete tables.
Write actions are not currently captured in audit logs.
Variable/Function | Description | Example |
---|---|---|
Snowflake object | Read policy applied | Write policy applied |
---|
Databricks Unity Catalog object | Read policy applied | Write policy applied |
---|
Administrators can customize write access configuration to grant additional Starburst (Trino) table modification privileges. See the below for an overview and example configurations.
: Configuring write policies in the Immuta web service allows all Starburst (Trino) clusters targeting that Immuta tenant to receive the same write policy configuration for Immuta data sources. This configuration only affects tables or views registered as Immuta data sources. Use the option below to control how unregistered data is affected.
: Configuring write policies using the file on a Starburst or cluster allows access to be broadly customized for Immuta users on that cluster. This configuration file takes precedence over write policies passed from the Immuta web service. Use this option if all Immuta users should have the same level of access to data regardless of the configuration in the Immuta web service.
The default configuration and an example of a custom configuration are provided below. See the for guidance on configuring these properties in your Starburst (Trino) cluster.
@database
Users who have an attribute key that matches a database will be subscribed to the data source(s) within the database.
@hasAttribute('SpecialAccess', '@hostname.@database.*'): If a user had the attribute SpecialAccess: us-east-1-snowflake.default.*
, they would get subscribed to all the data sources in the default
database.
@hasAttribute('Attribute Name', 'Attribute Value')
Users who have the specified attribute are subscribed to the data source.
@hasAttribute('Occupation', 'Manager'): Any user who has the attribute Occupation
and the attribute key Manager
will be subscribed to the data source(s).
@hasTagAsAttribute('Attribute Name', 'dataSource' or 'column' )
Users who have an attribute key that matches a tag on a data source or column will be subscribed to that data source.
@hasTagAsAttribute('PersonalData', 'dataSource'): Users who have the attribute key PersonalData
with the values Discovered.PII
,Discovered.Entity
would be subscribed to Data Source 1, which is tagged:[Discovered.Identifier Direct
,Discovered.PHI
,Discovered.PII
] and Data Source 2, which is tagged:[Discovered.Identifier Direct
,Discovered.PCI
,Discovered.Entity
]. However, they would not be subscribed to Data Source 3, which is tagged: [Discovered.Identifier Direct
,Discovered.PHI
,Discovered.Country
].
@hasTagAsGroup('dataSource' or 'column' )
Users who are members of a group that matches a tag on a data source or column (respectively) will be subscribed to that data source.
@hasTagAsGroup('dataSource'): If Data Source 1 has the tags NewHire
and Interns
applied, users who are members of the groups New Hire
or Interns
would be subscribed to Data Source 1.
@hostname
Users who have an attribute key that match a hostname will be subscribed to the data source(s) with that hostname.
@hasAttribute('SpecialAccess', '@hostname.*'): If a user had the attribute SpecialAccess : us-east-1-snowflake.*
, they would get subscribed to all the data sources with the us-east-1-snowflake
hostname.
@iam
Users who sign in with the IAM with the specified ID (ID that displays on the App Settings page) will be subscribed to the data source.
@iam == 'oktaSamlIAM': Any user whose IAM ID is oktaSamlIAM
can be subscribed to the data source.
@isInGroups('List', 'of', 'Groups')
Users who are members of the specified group(s) can be subscribed to the data source.
@isInGroups('finance','marketing','newhire'): Users who are members of the groups finance
, marketing
, or newhire
can be subscribed to the data source.
@schema
Users who have an attribute key that match this schema will be subscribed to the data source(s) under that schema.
@hasAttribute('SpecialAccess', '@hostname.@database.@schema'): If a user had the attribute SpecialAccess : us-east-1-snowflake.default.public.*
, they would get subscribed to all the data sources under the public
schema.
@table
Users who have an attribute key that match this table will be subscribed to the data source(s).
@hasAttribute('SpecialAccess', '@hostname.@database.@schema.@table'): If a user had the attribute SpecialAccess : us-east-1-snowflake.default.public.credit_transactions
, they would get subscribed to the credit_transactions
data source.
This page details how users can create more complex policies using functions and variables in the Advanced DSL policy builder than the Subscription Policy builder allows.
For instructions on writing Global Subscription Policies, see the following tutorial.
Navigate to the App Settings Page.
Click Advanced Settings in the left panel, and scroll to the Preview Features section.
Check the Enable Enhanced Subscription Policy Variables checkbox.
Click Save.
Navigate to the Policies Page.
Select Subscription Policies and click + Add Subscription Policy.
Choose a name for your policy and select how the policy should grant access.
Select Create using Advanced DSL.
Select the rules for your policy from the Advanced DSL options. For example, creating a @hasTagsAsAttribute('Department', 'dataSource') would subscribe all users who have an attribute that matches a tag on a data source to that data source. So users with the attribute Department.Marketing
would be subscribed to data sources with the tag Marketing.
Select how you want Immuta to merge multiple Global Subscription policies that apply to a single data source.
Always Required: Users must meet all the conditions outlined in each policy to get access (i.e., the conditions of the policies are combined with AND
).
Share Responsibility: Users need to meet the condition of at least one policy that applies (i.e., the conditions of the policies are combined with OR
).
Select where this policy should be applied, On data sources, When selected by data owners, or On all data sources
If a user selects On data sources options include, with columns tagged, with columns spelled like, in server, and created between.
Click Create Policy.
Best practice: write global policies
Build global subscription policies using attributes and Discovered tags instead of writing local policies to manage data access. This practice prevents you from having to write or rewrite single policies for every data source added to Immuta and from manually approving data access.
Private preview
Write policies are only available to select accounts. Contact your Immuta representative to enable this feature.
At least one of the following permissions is required to manage write policies:
CREATE_DATA_SOURCE Immuta permission (to create local write policies)
GOVERNANCE Immuta permission (to create local or global write policies)
MANAGE_POLICIES domain permission (to create global write policies)
Databricks Unity Catalog or Snowflake integration
Snowflake table grants enabled (for Snowflake integrations)
Determine your policy scope:
Global policy: Click the Policies page icon in the left sidebar and select the Subscription Policies tab. Click Add Subscription Policy and complete the Enter Name field.
Local policy: Navigate to a specific data source and click the Policies tab. Click Add Subscription Policy and select New Local Subscription Policy.
Select the access type:
Read Access: Control who can view the data source.
Write Access: Control who can view and modify data in the data source.
Select the level of access restriction you would like to apply:
Allow Anyone: Check the Require users to take action to subscribe checkbox to turn off automatic subscription. Enabling this feature will require users to manually subscribe to the data source if they meet the policy.
Allow Anyone Who Asks (and Is Approved):
Click anyone or an individual selected by user from the first dropdown menu in the subscription policy builder.
Note: If you choose an individual selected by user, when users request access to a data source they will be prompted to identify an approver with the permission specified in the policy and how they plan to use the data.
Select the Owner (of the data source), User_Admin, Governance, or Audit permission from the subsequent dropdown menu.
Note: You can add more than one approving party by selecting + Add.
Allow Users with Specific Groups/Attributes: See the ABAC subscription policy guide for instructions.
Allow Individually Selected Users
For global policies: From the Where should this policy be applied dropdown menu, select When selected by data owners, On all data sources, or On data sources. If you selected On data sources, finish the condition in one of the following ways:
tagged: Select this option and then search for tags in the subsequent dropdown menu.
with columns tagged: Select this option and then search for tags in the subsequent dropdown menu.
with column names spelled like: Select this option, and then enter a regex and choose a modifier in the subsequent fields.
in server: Select this option and then choose a server from the subsequent dropdown menu to apply the policy to data sources that share this connection string.
created between: Select this option and then choose a start date and an end date in the subsequent dropdown menus.
Click Create Policy. If creating a global policy, you then need to click Activate Policy or Stage Policy.
Read and write access can also be granted manually by a data owner. See the Manage data source members guide for details.
When you have multiple global ABAC subscription policies to enforce, create separate global ABAC subscription policies, and then Immuta will use boolean logic to merge all the relevant policies on the tables they map to.
Support coming soon |
Table | SELECT | SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, TRUNCATE |
View | SELECT |
Materialized view | SELECT |
External table | SELECT |
Event table | SELECT |
Dynamic table | SELECT |
Iceberg table | SELECT |
Data object from an incoming Data Share |
Table | SELECT | SELECT, MODIFY |
View |
Materialized view |
External table | SELECT | SELECT, MODIFY |
Streaming table | SELECT | SELECT, MODIFY |
Foreign table ( | SELECT |
Data object from incoming Delta Share |
Write access is controlled through and
View-based integrations are read-only
View-based integrations are read-only
View-based integrations are read-only